Effectiveness of Stuttering Modification Treatment in School-Age Children Who Stutter: A Randomized Clinical Trial - ASHA Journals, https://pubs.asha.org/doi/10.1044/2023\_JSLHR-23-00224
SIT 的核心原则是积极区别性的必然性。群体天生就渴望获得一种在与相关外群体比较时被视为积极的身份。因此,内部群体(Ingroup)的成功或失败,并非一个无关紧要的外部事件,而是直接输入到个体自尊记录中的因素。当所支持的团队表现良好时,群体地位随之上升,从而提升了个体的自尊。反之,失败则威胁到积极的群体认同,刺激焦虑并引发提升群体地位的渴望。作为该框架的补充,角色认同理论(Role Identification Theory, RIT)则特别关注个体在这些社会情境中所扮演的角色,例如尽职的“粉丝”或“忠实旁观者”。
2.2 身份融合理论(IFT):解释终极承诺与极端主义
虽然 SIT 解释了个体如何通过群体归属来管理自尊,但身份融合理论(IFT)提供了一个更精细的框架,用于探讨 SIT 通常难以完全捕捉的高度忠诚和极端行为。IFT 描述了一种深刻的、发自内心的与群体“合为一体”的感觉,个人身份和群体身份变得紧密交织。
不顾失败的沾光(Basking in Spite of Reflected Failure, BIRFing): 这种行为涉及即使在失败的情况下也保持与团队的联系。BIRFing 通过拒绝与失败保持距离的需求,从而与纯粹 SIT 的自我防御前提相矛盾。它是由强烈的联系所驱动,并明确旨在展示对所喜爱团队的坚定承诺和忠诚。这标志着一种心理转变,即忠诚不再仅仅用于获取自尊,而是作为目的本身而受到重视——一种与身份融合相一致的承诺的道德行为。
切断成功的反射(Cutting Off Reflected Success, CORSing): 这种行为涉及即使在群体成功时也与群体保持距离。CORSing 是由个体对持续形象管理的需要或抵抗与主流或流行成功归属的个人主义身份所驱动。
应用于地缘政治的 SIT 框架为政策和冲突缓解提供了实质性的相关性。和平过渡的可能性取决于有抱负的强国是选择社会创新而不是社会竞争,选择不直接挑战主导力量的地位维度。由于国家往往为荣誉和尊严而战,冲突缓解策略除了传统安全关切之外,还必须解决对地位认可的心理需求。促进允许新兴大国通过非军事领域获得声望的国际论坛和规范,可以满足群体对积极区别性的需求,而无需诉诸领土征服或军事展示。
Perfectionism, fear of failure, and affective responses to success and failure: the central role of fear of experiencing shame and embarrassment - PubMed, https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20016111/
The formation mechanism of "sports fandom circle" in the digital media era: An analysis from the perspective of fan emotional dynamic development - PubMed, https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40901852/
从更广阔的视角来看,PVT倡导的“安全科学”(Science of Safety)的原则必须超越个体治疗,被应用于系统和机构的设计中。这意味着教育系统、医疗机构和企业管理需要重新审视其环境和人际互动模式,确保它们能够提供一致的、生理上可识别的安全线索(VVC信号)。只有通过在系统层面设计和提供生理安全感,才能从根本上支持大规模的社会联结和人类复原力的提升。PVT的价值在于其不仅是理解个体内在运作的工具,更是指导构建更具人性化和弹性的社会系统的蓝图。
fMRI Adaptation between Action Observation and Action Execution Reveals Cortical Areas with Mirror Neuron Properties in Human BA 44/45 - PubMed Central, 访问时间为 十月 21, 2025, https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4770014/
fMRI Adaptation between Action Observation and Action Execution Reveals Cortical Areas with Mirror Neuron Properties in Human BA 44/45 - PubMed, 访问时间为 十月 21, 2025, https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26973496/
From Neurons to Social Beings: Short Review of the Mirror Neuron System Research and Its Socio-Psychological and Psychiatric Implications - PubMed Central, 访问时间为 十月 21, 2025, https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5810456/
Neurosciences and Philosophy of Mind: A Reductive Interpretation of the “Mirror Neurons System” (MNS) - Science and Education Publishing, 访问时间为 十月 21, 2025, https://pubs.sciepub.com/rpbs/2/2/1/index.html
The Interplay between Attachment Styles, Parasocial Relationships, and Social Media Addiction: A Mediation Analysis - ResearchGate, https://www.researchgate.net/publication/379334551\_The\_Interplay\_between\_Attachment\_Styles\_Parasocial\_Relationships\_and\_Social\_Media\_Addiction\_A\_Mediation\_Analysis
Mind over Matter: Examining the Role of Cognitive Dissonance and Self-Efficacy in Discontinuous Usage Intentions on Pan-Entertainment Mobile Live Broadcast Platforms, https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10045806/
Spread Mechanism and Control Strategies of Rumor Propagation Model Considering Rumor Refutation and Information Feedback in Emergency Management - MDPI, https://www.mdpi.com/2073-8994/13/9/1694
The BITE Model of Authoritarian Control: Undue Influence, Thought Reform, Brainwashing, Mind Control, Trafficking and the Law - ProQuest, https://www.proquest.com/docview/2476570146/
Understanding Colonial Mind Control Patterns using the BITE Model and Influence Continuum Mind Control and Colonizatio, https://fncaringsociety.com/sites/default/files/info\_sheet\_1\_-\_understanding\_colonial\_mind\_control\_patterns.pdf
幸灾乐祸的普遍性并不仅限于德语文化;这种体验被广泛认为是跨文化的人类现象。其他语言也有类似的表达,例如日语中的“他人的不幸,尝起来像蜂蜜”(the misfortune of others tastes like honey),以及法语的 joie maligne(“为他人不幸而感到喜悦”)。古英语中甚至存在一个已弃用的词 epicaricacy。英语世界不得不采用德语词汇,突显出盎格鲁-撒克逊社会在历史上或文化上不愿公开承认或将这种复杂情感整合到其词汇中,这暗示着社会对恶意喜悦的强烈压制。
与奖励回路相反,个体亲自或间接经历的负面情绪结果通常会激活前扣带皮层(anterior cingulate cortex, ACC)和脑岛(insula)——这些区域与体验痛苦和目睹他人痛苦相关联。幸灾乐祸的出现需要 VS 产生的奖励信号有效地覆盖或最小化 ACC 和脑岛处理的天然同理心反应。
幸灾乐祸被描述为一种与负罪感相关的“不可思议”和“温-冷体验”的现象学描述,在这一神经架构中找到了支持。“温”的组成部分是 VS 奖励回路的强烈激发,而“冷”或“负罪感”的组成部分可能代表大脑同时但被抑制地在前扣带皮层/脑岛中登记不幸,从而在个体试图调和恶意喜悦与社会利他主义规范时,创造了一种情感冲突。
有意识地摆脱恶意喜悦需要积极培养同理心和慈悲心。主体必须积极努力消除助长攻击性和竞争的“我们 vs. 他们”心态。这可以通过承认共同的人性,并认识到每个人(包括目标人物)都面临挑战和挫折来实现。 一种强大的情绪重定向技术是慈爱(loving-kindness)练习,或慈心禅(Metta-meditation)。这涉及默默地向那些自己容易怨恨的人表达真诚的祝福,或许可以使用诸如:“像我一样,这个人也希望摆脱痛苦。愿他们体验到安全、健康、平和与喜悦”的短语。这种练习训练心智以同理心而非恶意来应对不幸,作为幸灾乐祸冲动的直接、有意识的解药。
Exploring the When and Why of Schadenfreude - Positive Emotion and Psychopathology Lab, http://www.gruberpeplab.com/teaching/psych3131\_spring2015/documents/6.1\_Smith2009\_ExploringWhenAndWhyOfSchadenfreude.pdf
Malicious joy: Sadism moderates the relationship between schadenfreude and the severity of others' misfortune | Request PDF - ResearchGate, https://www.researchgate.net/publication/290510925\_Malicious\_joy\_Sadism\_moderates\_the\_relationship\_between\_schadenfreude\_and\_the\_severity\_of\_others'\_misfortune
Hopping, skipping or jumping to conclusions? Clarifying the role of the JTC bias in delusions | Request PDF - ResearchGate, https://www.researchgate.net/publication/6638207\_Hopping\_skipping\_or\_jumping\_to\_conclusions\_Clarifying\_the\_role\_of\_the\_JTC\_bias\_in\_delusions
Problems in measuring the JTC-bias in patients with psychotic disorders with the fish task: a secondary analysis of a baseline assessment of a randomized controlled trial - PMC - PubMed Central, https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7685639/
The jumping to conclusions reasoning bias as a cognitive factor contributing to psychosis progression and persistence: findings from NEMESIS-2 - PMC - PubMed Central, https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8327623/
Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) anxiety management and reasoning bias modification in young adults with anxiety disorders: A real-world study of a therapist-assisted computerized (TACCBT) program Vs. “person-to-person” group CBT, https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7005461/
(PDF) Problems in measuring the JTC-bias in patients with psychotic disorders with the fish task: a secondary analysis of a baseline assessment of a randomized controlled trial - ResearchGate, https://www.researchgate.net/publication/346536569\_Problems\_in\_measuring\_the\_JTC-bias\_in\_patients\_with\_psychotic\_disorders\_with\_the\_fish\_task\_a\_secondary\_analysis\_of\_a\_baseline\_assessment\_of\_a\_randomized\_controlled\_trial
Is intuition allied with jumping to conclusions in decision-making? An intensive longitudinal study in patients with delusions and in non-clinical individuals, https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8687575/